Abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints in clinics and hospitals. While it often resolves on its own, persistent or unusual pain can signal underlying gastrointestinal issues that require further investigation.
One of the most effective diagnostic tools in such cases is a colonoscopy, which allows doctors to view the inside of the colon and rectum for signs of disease. Understanding when abdominal pain warrants this procedure can help individuals seek timely medical attention and avoid delays in diagnosis.
Types of Abdominal Pain That Raise Concern
Abdominal pain can range from mild cramping to sharp, persistent stomachaches. Most cases are harmless and caused by indigestion, gas, or minor infections. However, some patterns of pain suggest more serious conditions.
If the pain is persistent, localized (especially in the lower abdomen), or accompanied by symptoms like rectal bleeding, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, or changes in bowel habits, it may be time to consider a deeper examination. Pain that worsens over time or that disrupts daily activities is also a red flag that should not be ignored.
What a Colonoscopy Can Reveal
A colonoscopy is a procedure that involves inserting a long, flexible tube with a camera into the rectum to examine the colon. It allows doctors to detect polyps, inflammation, ulcers, tumors, and other abnormalities that could be causing pain or digestive issues.
If a person is experiencing unexplained abdominal pain, especially when other diagnostic tests like blood work or imaging scans are inconclusive, a colonoscopy may be the next step. It can also be used to monitor chronic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease, which are known to cause recurring discomfort.
When Doctors Typically Recommend a Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is generally recommended for individuals over the age of 50 as part of routine colorectal cancer screening. However, it may be necessary earlier if certain symptoms or risk factors are present.
Doctors may recommend a colonoscopy if abdominal pain is:
- Accompanied by rectal bleeding or black stools
- Persistent and unexplained
- Linked to changes in bowel habits such as constipation or diarrhea
- Associated with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- Combined with weight loss or fatigue
In such cases, a colonoscopy can help determine whether the cause is benign, like internal hemorrhoids or diverticulosis, or something more serious like cancer or inflammatory disease.
Other Tests Before a Colonoscopy
Before proceeding with a colonoscopy, doctors typically perform less invasive tests. These might include blood tests to check for infection or anemia, stool tests to detect hidden blood, or imaging studies such as ultrasounds or CT scans.
If these tests suggest a potential issue in the colon or rectum—or if they fail to identify the cause of ongoing pain—a colonoscopy becomes a critical next step. It is particularly valuable because it allows not only diagnosis but also treatment. For example, during the procedure, polyps can be removed or tissue samples collected for biopsy.
Preparing for a Colonoscopy
The thought of undergoing a colonoscopy may be daunting, but preparation is straightforward. Patients must follow a clear-liquid diet the day before and take a prescribed laxative to empty the bowels. While this can be inconvenient, it ensures that the doctor has a clear view during the procedure.
Sedation is typically used to make the experience comfortable. Most people have minimal recollection of the exam and can return home the same day, although they will need someone to accompany them due to the sedative’s effects.
Final Thoughts
While abdominal pain is often harmless, persistent or concerning symptoms should not be ignored. A colonoscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool that can uncover the root causes of abdominal distress and help guide effective treatment.
Understanding when a colonoscopy is appropriate empowers patients to take control of their health and address potential issues early. If you’re experiencing ongoing abdominal pain, especially with other digestive symptoms, consult a healthcare professional to determine whether this test is necessary.
